常用的关联词分为十一大类：　

1. Addition　

in addition，and，similarly，likewise，as well as，besides，furthermore，also，moreover，and then，too，not only ... but，even，besides this/that　

2. Sequence　

first(ly)，initially，second(ly) etc.，to begin with，then，next，arlier/later，after this/that　

following this/that，afterwards　

3. Consequence　

as a result，thus，so，therefore，consequently，it follows that，thereby，eventually，then，in that case，admittedly　

4. Contrast　

however，on the other hand，despite，in spite of，though，although，but，on the contrary　

otherwise，yet，instead of，rather，whereas，nonetheless，even though，　

compared with，in contrast，alternatively　

5. Certainty　

obviously，certainly，plainly，of course，undoubtedly　

6. Condition　

if，unless，whether，provided that，for，so that，whether，depending on　

7. Definition　

is，refers to，means，that is，consists of　

8. Summary　

in conclusion，in summary，lastly，finally，to sum up，to conclude，to recapitulate　

in short　

9. Example　

for instance，one example，for example，just as，in particular，such as，namely　
to illustrate　

10. Reason　

since，as，so，because(of)，due to，owing to，the reason why，in other words　

leads to，cause　

11. Time　

before，since，as，until，meanwhile，at the moment，when，whenever，　

as soon as，just as